Production of Agaricus bisporus (JE Lange) Imbach Biomass under Submerged Cultivation by Using Citrus reticulata Blanco Waste as an Alternative Carbon Source
Thomas M. Schmidt
Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Michele Hoeltz *
Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. and Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Ana P. Müller
Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Jennifer Julich
Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Yuri G. Kappenberg
Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Guilherme G. Silva
Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Angela R. Lazzari
Departament of Mathematics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Lisianne B. Benitez
Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. and Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Rosana C. S. Schneider
Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. and Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Valeriano A. Corbellini
Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. and Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the influence of different parameters in the biomass production of Agaricus bisporus by submerged cultivation using Citrus reticulata B. waste as an alternative carbon source.
Place and Duration of Study: University of Santa Cruz do Sul.
Methodology: Fruit juice was extracted from the C. reticulata B. waste in a manual juicer. To determine the initial available amount of glucose and fructose in the liquid extract, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was used. Temperature, pH and fermentation time were selected for the study of response surface methodology in a central composite design. Pectinolytic activity, reducing sugars and total proteins were used for bioprocess monitoring, and visible molecular absorption spectroscopy was used as the monitoring method.
Results: The highest amount of biomass was (47.06 g/L) obtained at 28°C, a pH of 6 and 8 days of culture. The application FT-IR spectroscopy associated with partial least squares regression enabled simultaneous quantification of the parameters of submerged cultivation, with a root mean square error prediction and a coefficient of determination of 0.0012 U/L and 0.9760, 0.23 mmol/L and 0.9956, and 0.03 g/d/L and 0.9957, respectively.
Conclusion: This is the first work that has monitored the biomass production of A. bisporus through FT-IR using the response surface methodology. The data showed that the liquid extract from C. reticulata B. waste is an excellent source of carbon for the mycelial production of A. bisporus and this may be an interesting alternative use of this residue.
Keywords: Mandarin, edible mushroom, mycelium, response surface methodology, bioconversion, FT-IR